碾压式SAT精读法+ SAT 阅读真题分册如题"

今天的内容分为两个部分：

第一部分为SAT 阅读的精读方式，我们用2017年的5月北美卷阅读第三篇来和大家解析下；

第二部分为阅读部分的真题集合，集合了

OG 8套 + 16/17 真题十四套 = 一共14套的阅读

帮助考生专项的提高阅读能力。

# Part I

Farming Conquered Europe at Least Twice 农业对欧洲的两次征服

The rise of agriculture in the Middle East, nearly 11,000 years ago, was a momentous event in human prehistory. But just how farming spread from there into Europe has been a matter of intense research. A new study of ancient DNA from 5000-year-old skeletons found in a French cave suggests that early farmers entered the European continent by at least two different routes and reveals new details about the social structures and dairying practices of some of their societies.

提出问题：农业兴起于中东，但怎么从中东传到欧洲的呢？

解决问题的一种尝试：有研究表明至少有两条不同的传播路径，研究还揭示了相关的社会结构和制奶实践。

Scientists studying the spread of farming into Europe have numerous questions: Was agriculture brought in primarily by Middle Eastern farmers who replaced the resident hunter-gatherers? Or did agriculture advance through the spread of technology and ideas rather than people? And was there just one wave of farming into the continent or multiple waves and routes?

问题：是中东人真的迁徙过来欧洲，还是只是技术和观念传播，人没有来？传播只是一波还是多次？

Until recently, researchers had to rely on the genetic profiles of modern-day Europeans and Middle Easterners for clues. Numerous such studies, especially of Y chromosomes, which are transmitted via the paternal line, suggest that actual farmers, not just their ideas, spread westward over the millennia, eventually reaching the British Isles. Yet other studies, based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited maternally, have come to the opposite conclusion, suggesting that farmers had local European ancestry.

矛盾：研究Y（父系）表明人真的是从中东向西过来的。但研究mtDNA（母系）发现农民的祖先就是欧洲本地人。

Now, new studies have begun to resolve these issues by sequencing the DNA of the prehistoric farmers themselves. Some of this research, most notably in Germany, suggests that male farmers entering central Europe mated with local female hunter-gatherers—thus possibly resolving the contradiction between the Y chromosome and mtDNA results.

解决矛盾：通过DNA测序发现可能是男性农民跟当地女性打猎和采集者产生了后代。

The new paper, published online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, backs up that idea. A team led by molecular anthropologist Marie Lacan of the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse, France, reports work on ancient DNA—both mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal—from more than two dozen skeletons found in the 1930s in a cave called Treilles in southern France. Archaeologists think Treilles is a communal grave site because the bones add up to 149 individuals, 86 adults and 63 children. The team took DNA in such a way as to ensure that each individual was sampled only once (using teeth that were still attached to a lower jaw) and was able to obtain ancient DNA from 29 people.

新论文支持了这一解释。

They found that the female and male lineages seemed to have different origins. The mtDNA showed genetic markers previously identified as having deep roots in ancient European hunter-gatherer populations, but the Y chromosomes showed the closest affinities to Europeans currently living along the Mediterranean regions of southern Europe, such as Turkey, Cyprus, Portugal, and Italy. The team concludes that, in addition to the spread of farming into Central Europe suggested by the German studies, there appears to have been at least one additional route via southern Europe.

新论文发现：父系／母系起源不同。Y（父系）跟挨着南欧的地方接近，表明在中欧之外，可能南欧还有一条传播路径。

The communal grave also yielded additional intriguing details about these ancient Europeans. Most of the skeletons were males, and many appeared to be very closely related: At least two pairs of individuals were almost certainly father and son, and another pair were brothers. That suggests that the incoming male farmers established a so-called patrilocal society, in which the men stay put on their land but mate with women who come in from surrounding regions, the team concludes.

别的发现1：还能表明当时的社会结构。

The study also showed that, in contrast to ancient DNA findings from central Europe, the people from Treilles lacked a key genetic variant that allows the body to digest lactose into adulthood. That’s consistent with other archaeological evidence that central European farmers herded dairy cows, whereas Mediterranean farmers herded sheep and goats and drank fermented milk, which has much lower lactose levels.

别的发现2: 还能表明当时的制奶实践，与别的证据一致。

题目部分

问文章主要目的。文章一开始就说到说欧洲农业怎么兴起的，然后后面有一些研究做出了回答，因此是A。

B说辩论是关于when时间的，

C说是关于农业方法，都错的；

D说了冲突，原文也讲了冲突，但D说的是考古和基因证据间的冲突，所以是错的。

问12到18行提出的是怎样的问题，后面就说道一些人去回答了这个问题，所以是C，促动了这些科学家的研究。如果对motivate这个动词有疑问的话，可以排除法来做。另外，motivate这个词本身就可以用在question和research上，问题促使了科学家去解答问题。

A说这些问题是L以外的研究员都没怎么处理过的，这没说；

B说被认为在L之前就已经有答案了，没说；

D说在L之后变得更难回答了，没说。

题目问DNA证据表明现代欧洲人是怎样的，文章第三四段就说到父系先祖是从东方来的，所以答案是C。而且at least这么谦卑的答案，真是不忍心排除。

A说mt和Y相比有更多的多样性，没讲到；

B错在primarily；

D错在hunter-gatherers，从东方来的是农民，他们跟西方的hunter-gatherers一起产生了后代。

题目问对前一题的支持句子，即A里面的Numerous such studies, especially of Y chromosomes, which are transmitted via the paternal line, suggest that actual farmers, not just their ideas, spread westward over the millennia, eventually reaching the British Isles. B错是因为1.没有提到是哪边来的，2.它是为了解释矛盾，而上一题答案只是矛盾的其中一个部分。

题目问看似矛盾的发现一旦怎样以后就不矛盾了，也就是要找解决矛盾的地方，答案在第四段，说是by sequencing the DNA of the prehistoric farmers themselves，因此答案是A，分析以前农民的基因成分。

B说的是后来的研究，而这之前就已经解决了；C说的是从现代欧洲人测序；D说的是只管mtDNA这一种，之前这一种得出来的是当地人，所以不可能解决冲突。

对上一题的支持，即B。

resolve所在的句子是Now, new studies have begun to resolve these issues by sequencing the DNA of the prehistoric farmers themselves.即解决问题，因此是C。

yielded所在的句子The communal grave also yielded additional intriguing details about these ancient Europeans，即产生／提供细节的意思，因此是D。 submit在投降的意义上跟yield是近义词，但这里上下文用的不是投降的意思。

题目问78行的考古证据怎么了。原句说，That’s consistent with other archaeological evidence that central European farmers herded dairy cows, whereas Mediterranean farmers herded sheep and goats and drank fermented milk, which has much lower lactose levels.也就是跟前面是一致的关系，即证据支持了前面的观点。因此是D，支持了L这些人从DNA分析中得出来的关于欧洲农业传播的结论。

A说是又一个未解决的问题被引入了理论，没有这个未解决的问题；B说的假说是关于牛奶使用的；C说是强调影响了居住模式的基因因素。

根据文章后面的地图可以看出颜色最深的就是葡萄牙南部和土耳其南部，因此是A。

题目问地图数据支持了L的观点说古代欧洲农民是怎样的。首先可以回原文看到L的team concludes that, in addition to the spread of farming into Central Europe suggested by the German studies, there appears to have been at least one additional route via southern Europe.也就是有南方的传播路径，图里面也能看出南方有一片相似基因的地带，因此是C。

# Part II

14套官方阅读真题下载方式

百度盘地址 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1eSPEqxs (或点击阅读原文)

百度盘密码获取方式：

1. 关注公众号

2. 进入公众号页面

3. 输入 “SAT 阅读”

4.你就会看到百度盘密码了

加入SAT碾压群

微信shong9397，备注 sat

- 有一种优秀，叫认真-

学习环境建设